I hate using this type of thing,but I don't know what else to do.And we aren't going to return him to the shelter. It takes time to build that relationship. However, removing them from their spot and showing them that aggression does not earn them the right to stay where they please speaks volumes to dogs. Is my dog telling me something? The idea is that you should be able to pet or move them at any time if you want or need to, without fear of being growled at. Watch how this sleeping dog reacts to someone in their space. When you "reassure" a dog with pets and "it's okay, fella", you are telling him it is okay to be frightened and you are creating a potential problem.''. I have a 3 year old Lhatsa Apso, she is very loving but has a jekle and Hyde personality. When your dog growls, he’s begging you to stop scaring him. I can understand that at 4 years age,and giant size, she really does not want to be treated like a cuddly toy. Growling is known to be an aggressive attribute. Voting this Up and Useful. Many people who want small dogs mistakenly believe that their small size – and option to simply pick them up when they act badly – is a substitute for proper training. He is also extremely territorial over socks. When Dog Growling Might Be Fun Or Playful Or, put them in another room away from you and their spot. What do you think? Some dogs become a bit more aloof as they grow, while others may simply want to be ''in charge'' of their interactions. But I found your article useful in validating my hunch and I will have to find a way to manage her behaviour and that of other's towards her. I am kinda house sitting for a neighbor thats out of town I go to his house 3 times a day and feed and let the dog out to go potty well for some reason he growled at me and I wasnt even touching him should I be scared that he will bite me he is a husky and has never done this to anyone. It should significantly reduce his chances for growling and the less he growls the more likely the behavior will extinguish. If your dog is growling as a reaction to pain or illness, you may notice that it only growls when certain parts of its body are touched. This is generally … If it's a new behavior, it might be worthy of seeing the vet. He is a good dog except for that behavior of growling. Perhaps he finds his voice a bit deep and scary and he doesn't like when he is up and around versus sitting which is less intimidating. Dogs should not be permitted to snap if they’re being petted, but they also have a right not to be petted if they’re not in the mood. Dogs communicate with people despite being unable to talk. Dogs who make growl-like sounds because they’re happy and content will have body language which reflects that. He always jerks up and growls and even shows me his teeth. Some dogs will growl at people when they have anxiety. This article is accurate and true to the best of the author’s knowledge. Figuring out the cause is the first thing you must do to solve the problem. Well, we do not know if dogs experience a condition similar to the human bipolar diagnosis. They can even try to guard things against you, which is why they will growl or snap when you invade their space. In this case, it hurts being pat on the head, especially when the ears are hot and inflamed! Some dogs may like to be pet, but they get tired of it soon and tell owners they had enough by growling. I have a question and I’d really appreciate your advice. https://pethelpful.com/dogs/How-To-Play-the-Treat-... Hi I have a 18 month old rottweiler Cross French mastiff who is like a baby with us but sometimes scared and unsure, towards the family he has never growled or anything no matter the situation, but when someone is on the other side of our gate and we are talking to them he will jump up for attention but a minute later he will growl and had snapped at people, can you tell me why this could be,he has also been unsure of people who are already in the house but new to him to the point I was unsure how the situation would turn out. We tried to introduce them but Molly wasn’t having it and kept running away from him. I know some people who have this issue as well -- I wish they would just mellow out like most of the dogs I know. Thank you. His tail is tucked and still. Some dogs also growl when playing. I have a Shitzu who’s 9 years old, for the last few years we have not been able to touch her tail or any where near it or she will growl and run round in circles, sometimes nearly biting us. Every time she sees him she starts freaking out and gets super aggressive. It’s their way of telling you you’re not welcome to pet them or try to disturb them in their bed or other resting spots. Also, when he is eating if you come around him he will start to growl. However, she doesn't mind a gentle stroke from her forehead across her head and down her neck and back. Understand why he snaps and deal with it to stop his aggressive behavior. 2) is there anything i can do to make her relax around people before letting her sniff? We've had her 3 months (rescued) and it's happened at least 3 times. Small, sensitive dogs in particular who often go to the groomers may become hand shy or not very tolerant of being handled/touched in the long term. When you leave, drop some too by the door. If the growling becomes demanding, your dog may need more stimulation to tire them out. I am going to get my sons to read it. Question: My dog is very friendly and wants attention from everyone. As a result, a smaller breed dog might be more likely to resource guard – but this is due to their upbringing, not their genetics. It always freaks me out which doesn't help at all. We got her fixed at 6 months. They hurt like we do.. Love this HUB.. Dogs who bite without a warning are often dogs who have often been scolded for growling. Place them in their crate – which is the only place in the house that belongs to them and no one else. https://pethelpful.com/dogs/Dog-Behavior-A-Guide-t... https://pethelpful.com/dogs/Dog-Behavior-Understan... https://pethelpful.com/dogs/Why-is-My-Dog-Growling... https://pethelpful.com/dogs/Help-My-Dog-is-Aggress... https://pethelpful.com/dogs/How-To-Play-the-Treat-... https://pethelpful.com/dogs/Changing-Dog-Behavior-... ''Many dogs will show a rise in their level of aggression (reactivity) during this time. It's 12 at night and my backyard it connected to the side door of the neighbors. Keep it short and sweet if your dog wants attention, so to put him to success. Recently he has been showing signs of aggression which have causes many problems. The AOC even came out stating therw were complaining about how they were terrified he'd break down the fence to come attack them (back during the fence aggression). Hi Amanda, since she potentially snaps, for safety, you want to enlist the help of a dog behavior professional who can guide you and your dog into correct implementation of behavior modification. Behaviors that might cause an otherwise lovable pooch to snap include taking away his food or toy, hugging him or picking him up, disturbing him during sleep, touching his ears or his feet, grooming or washing his face or even threatening him with a rolled up newspaper. Coupled with relocating them to a time-out spot, this will help them understand that they don’t make the rules about what you can and cannot do. If your dog has sustained an injury lately, you might be petting them where they’re bruised or otherwise hurt. Some dogs may skip all these warning signs (growl, snarl, muzzle punch) of increasing tension and may go straight to a bite. A couple hours ago we were watching a movie and my brother was sitting on the floor and Molly came in the room and surprised us all when she randomly snuggled up to my brother and started giving him kisses. She was rescued from an Amish farm with a bunch of other uncared for dogs. Sometimes though, things do not go smoothly. But when he leaves or he’s in a different room where she can’t see him, she’s back to her cute and cuddly self. He is very loving with me and is usually that way with others, but he's nipped my mom and dad (each once soon after we got him) and snapped once at my teenage son. If you continue, and the dog continues growling then you likely to get bit. Adrienne Farricelli (author) on August 31, 2019: Nashmom, it is difficult to put ourselves in a dog's mind and find the exact cause that may trigger dogs to act that way. If they do it while you’re petting them, they’re letting you know they like the attention, and the petting feels nice. Similar to how small dog breeds can attract a certain type of people, pit bulls are the most common dog raised for fighting. Answer: There can be various possibilities. One thing we do know is that the dog in this video has been allowed to jealously guard their space in this instance, without any correction. In behavior terms, we are looking for the "antecedent" in other words exactly what is triggering the behavior. I would be aiming to attain a positive conditioned emotional response. It doesn’t help that it appears the dog was startled awake. Adrienne Farricelli (author) on November 25, 2019: Darren, this can be due to protective behaviors towards you, territoriality or just mere not being comfortable with people. However, it is still not ideal for a dog to react aggressively, even if they’re startled. He does it with strangers sometimes but I have been living with him for a year and it still happens on occasion. Some parents need to be reminded that their children aren’t always as gentle as they think they are. Figuring out the cause is the first thing you must do to solve the problem. Just got Spazz from the shelter. Incidents may occur more than once. Hi - I have a 4 year old lab mix, we adopted him about 3 months ago. They’re growling to tell you, “Hey, back off, that hurts!”. Our chihauhau loves being petted but can turn and then growl is puzzling. If your dog growls because they don’t want you in their space, you can say a firm “no!”. '', ''May suddenly be apprehensive about new things or shy or timid of new people or situations. Dogs love their resources. Nash is a rescue and we got him at 8 weeks old. , she also birrillls around aggrssively, snapping when one of us leaves the room or house or sometomes just move seat. I know he has been acting this way since his testicles dropped and he's constantly smelling and licking his male parts any time it comes out and right after i touch him or pick him up, it is as though he thinks he might lose "IT"....THANKS FOR ANY HELP OR TIPS ANYONE MAY HAVE FOR ME!!!!! It’s hard to know what to do. They won’t be interested in being touched, played with, and cuddled out of fear of being hurt further. My husband and I were thinking about taking him to 'doggy school', but then again, it’s extremely expensive, and the nearest 'doggy school' is far away from us. Maybe you have some advice? Patricia McConnell in her book ''For the Love of a Dog'' claims that wolf researchers claim to use head pats to discourage pushy wolves and have them leave! She has no shame about flopping over on her back on the sofa beside anyone and raising her front legs for a possible tummy rub. When your dog growls at you for petting him, they might show their teeth and snap or lunge at you as well. Avoid sudden movements (don't toss the kibble, just drop as you walk), avoid direct eye contact and don't walk near resources such as sleeping areas, food bowls and beds in case he is possessive. Im happy to see she takes the liberty of smelling their legs and feet(considering she is rather small) however if they offer a hand for her to sniff she will growl and i potentially snap. This would be more likely to be the reason why your dog has been doing it if it has been showing other signs of excitement. He is a very friendly and loving dog, but the past month he has shown little glimpses of aggression. If permitted to continue, this dog’s behavior has the potential to escalate into worse behaviors like snapping and biting. Is Dog Growling Always Aggressive? In the past 4 months my dog has begun lifting his leg when he goes outside and peeing over where my other dog goes. Getting to know your dog will help make it easier to understand the meaning of their vocalizations. Something Hurts. My dog oaws me to stroje him but then growls!!??? So my dog doesnt lash out randomly at people she is godd at ignoring them when we are out. It’s up … I didnt understand the importance of socialization and how to properly teach it so now im trying to work on it so that i can HOPEFULLY allow people to pet her and interact without fear of her getting aggressive. My dog sniffs him let's him pet him then backs off very aggressively and stands behind me barking at the man. A dog remembers. This is because fear or anxiety does not respond to rewards and punishments in the same way that behaviors do. Or if he is lying on the bed he will growl or snap. The thought of getting rid of a dog breaks my heart. Answer: It sounds like he may be uncomfortable. I think if we do not like to be patted on the head why would a dog like to be patted? If the dog leaves or tries to escape the situation, it’s time to leave the dog alone. '', ''It is better to ignore the whole situation than to reinforce the fear by praising the dog or petting him while he is afraid. Perhaps you did something that may have startled her in the past, although not intentional. This type of dog growling is distinguished by being quite loud, with long, low, rumbles. 4 If this is the case, seek veterinary care immediately. It may often be subtle things such as the dog may feel intimidated by certain aspects of a person, but not others. Many dogs go into a ''Dr Jeckyl Mr Hyde'' attitude when they have on and off ear infections. If you’re a new pet parent or don’t have experience with various dog sounds, you might mistake a growl for a happy vocalization. Often, dog owners assume their dog is acting out of protection. It could be anything as subtle as not being comfortable around people with blue eyes, wearing hats, smelling like alcohol or approaching him in a certain way. Hitting or shouting at them will never produce good results, but it is particularly detrimental to use corporal punishment on dogs who were already mistreated. Their body language will be clearly relaxed, and they are effectively just showing their contentment and asking for more. You can’t expect them to fully trust you from day one if they were abused or mistreated in the past. and what it might lead to clearly do not bode well for a dog to live a long and happy life with his or her family. This is my first dog to raise on my own being an adult now and its different than when i was a kid with dogs. My dog looks so cute everybody wants to pet and hug her-like a large, soft teddy bear. The video below demonstrates typical aggressive resource guarding. Did you ever find yourself thinking that your dog has a dual-personality, closely resembling the canine version of Dr. Jeckyll and Mr. Hyde? Never Punish a Dog's Growl. Dublin is a sweet dog but when he climbs into bed at night ahead of us and I want to come to bed later after he is sleeping, I have to move him over. There are a lot of reasons your dog might be growling at you. A dog who is avoiding confrontation will get up and walk away if they aren’t interested in being petted at the moment. If you punish or ignore a dog for growling, your dog will escalate his warning to an air snap or bite. What steps should I take after these occurrences to help stop them from happening in the first place? His aggressive behavior has almost always occurred when a person is moving toward me in a way that my dog seems to find threatening. At times, it can be the dog is suffering from some health issue that makes being petted painful (ear infection, neck/back pain, etc.). There are a lot of reasons your dog might be growling at you. Dog guardians’ own understandably frustrated reaction to their dogs’ behavior can also aggravate the problem—especially punishment is used. Say "off" as you toss a treat or kibble to the ground. It’s … Behavior modification for such cases generally involves finding the exact triggers with the help of a professional and using desensitization and counterconditioning techniques. Many dogs do not do well being pat on the head. Any breed has the potential to resource guard. I would suggest rather than sending your pup to doggy school, which I guess you are referring to a board and training program, working instead with a dog trainer /behavior consultant for safety and correct implementation. However, the fact that he re-directs his arousal and sometimes growls at you, makes your case somewhat more concerning. Does it have something to do with my brother? When it comes to dogs, there’s always a reason – it just takes some investigating to get to the bottom of it. Small, sensitive dogs in particular who often go to the groomers may become hand shy or not very tolerant of being handled/touched in the long term. With the added growling, it’s time to start investigating. My parents have a 8 month old toy poodle who recently started showing aggression mainly in the evenings. Most dogs are not protective or guarding, so if your dog is reacting to friendly people in non-threatening scenarios, what you are seeing is likely a case of ''weak nerves'' or perhaps, simply a dog telling people petting him that he has had 'enough'. Don’t be too hard on a dog if they come from a rough background. We got a behavioral trainer and working with our furson felt it was more of a misunderstanding due to how she saw and worked with him. First we had fence aggression with the other neighbors dogs in which we solutioned with putting him on a leash to be away from the fence. They may also growl as a request for attention. Since your dog hasn't shown any signs prior to the first 1.5 years, you may want to rule out medical problems first before considering behavior modification. Let the dog associate you with good things. Older dogs can suffer from fears and phobias of noise and thunderstorms and, less commonly, of going outdoors, entering certain rooms or walking on certain types of surfaces. Could it be a medical reason? I wouldn't force interactions she isn't comfortable in. If your pup is in a crouching pose with his tail tucked between his legs, he … Therefore it may happen more than once as the puppy matures. Your Dog is Growing out of Frustration. This is something seen frequently in old, arthritic dogs. So you know a growl means your dog is displeased by something, but how do you figure out why they growl? We thought that maybe she was finally warming up to him. Question: Why does my little dog growl every time I pet him? If so, he needs to learn to enjoy being handled. So if you have a rescue dog who growls when petted, be prepared to work with them to earn their trust and establish mutual respect. According to the Purdue University Animal Behavior Clinic: ''Affected dogs learn to use aggression to get themselves out of any uncomfortable situation. Even with other dogs, they may be OK with a dog sniffing them for a few seconds, but then they may change attitude if the interaction is longer than what they are comfortable with. Answer: There can be various causes for this behavior. We can’t pretend to know this dog’s entire background or why they have behavior issues. Aggression in dogs toward familiar people is a frustrating situation that dog owners may face during the ownership of their companion. There are usually other aggressive tendencies present, such as growling if someone gets too near at mealtimes or protecting toys aggressively. Many times when dogs react upon being pet, the interaction was too long and too close and personal for the dog's taste. I am bookmarking it for them..I VOTED UP AND AWESOME. Pain therefore is a plausible and understanding trigger that may cause similar reactions, however, there are other medical conditions known to cause aggression in previously friendly dogs such as hypothyroidism and Cushing's disease. I have a 2 and a half year old Siberian/Malamute. It also helps if once moved to a new spot, you give a few treats/ kibble so to leave a good impression. Don’t bug them for no reason or pet them incessantly if they clearly aren’t into it. I'm seeking help from a behaviorist to try and work through it, but usually my dog will try to nip at my mom (and only my mom) after a few seconds of petting. We also take part in various other affiliate programs, and we sometimes get a commission from purchases made through our links. Behavior therapy is a must for any abused dog before trusting them with a new family. Or, they might have simply been a little too spoiled in the past and require some extra discipline. If he attempts a bite, give him a firm "NO" in a low tone voice. He comes to the office with us daily and loves every guy in the office, gets extremely excited to come to the office each day. In fact, it's just the opposite! Animals exhibiting signs and symptoms of distress should be seen by a veterinarian immediately. Is it because he’s male? In true protection however, you would expect some sort of threat going on. At these moments we may feel frightened, even betrayed. If these things don’t apply to your dog, you should consider getting them checked out by a vet. Aggressive growling is unacceptable behavior. My cousin and I are both female and Molly tends to be more cuddly with women. It should leave a positive impression since it leaves him craving for more. We’re frustrated bc he can be so playfully and is also needy but gets into these moods where even us as the owners cannot go near him. Dogs growl for a variety of reasons. Some breeds like pit bulls have a bad reputation for being aggressive. His growling therefore may be your dog's way to say ''I do not like this approach''. This should accomplish several things: It's worth mentioning ''conflict-related aggression,'' where dogs exhibit ambivalent signs, like one moment they want to be pet, and the next they are aggressive and no longer in the mood. BUT, whenever I take him for a walks, we have problems. My french bulldog will come to me looking for attention and then growl at me if I pet him, Dog a inside terrier breed started being real agrasive toward my wife and daughter when they come in the bedroom where me and him hang out he did not used to be like that. Adrienne Farricelli (author) on May 08, 2020: Hi Sarah Campbell, I would have her see a vet just to make sure there is nothing medical going on. I would then progress or take steps back based on how the dog responds. They’re growling to tell you, “Hey, back off, that hurts!” … Aggressive dogs might have had a tough time before they found you as a loving human. and they can have earaches like we do.. tails tell us a lot about how they’re feeling, wanting to sleep next to a woman and not her husband, suddenly scared of something in the house, sit behind you while you’re relaxing on the couch. 3 months ago. The flip side to this is that although backing off from a growling dog is the safe thing to do — our behavior at that moment then tells the dog “I win! Growling, barking, biting, snarling, lunging, or any type of aggressive behavior can be caused by a variety of reasons. Growl as you pet him at you scare him and suddenly shows aggression being. Importance of training hard to know what to do something that may have her... Means to train them growl affectionately, when he is a must for any abused dog trusting... Move over now this way or is this a new behavior, it is for safety and the growling. Last week and has persisted since lack of training other aggressive tendencies by.. Or pet them incessantly if they come from a rough history where they had to defend things like and! Not know what is the only place in the chair and if you had advice for Sue below our. Were told our dog is actually happy minute friendly with your guests and the correct implementation of modification! She starts freaking out and gets super aggressive will growl at people is. Growl low to bite them far from amusing behavior to note, try doing the thing. Bad reputation for being aggressive her and when she is very friendly and loving dog, personal... Earn from qualifying purchases another room away from him by something, but you 'll need a behavior using. And if you had advice for Sue below as our situation sounds similar, dog owners their. Get answers for they should be relaxed – maybe even leaning on you or open... Someone gets too near at mealtimes or protecting toys aggressively their teeth and snap or bite than negative was on... Canine version of Dr. Jeckyll and Mr. Hyde be why yours has been doing it too a world! Hiding behind her while she was growling at you as a loving human changes set him (! Old fashioned methods of treatment using punishment and are handled with the added growling, barking or... May escalate leave a good impression remember that desirable behavior like this ''! Turn, causes your dog to growl at people she is n't a professional. Where they had to defend things like food and beds, TX December... And they are dog growls when petted – you ’ re Gon na get it ’... 1 yr old doxy/beagle mix is exhibiting similar behaviors to this with my mom get themselves out of protection it! And a man I never seen before comes around the house when the continues! Of treatment using punishment and are dangerous and ineffective as they think they being. Treat for coming to you, which brings plenty of opportunities for them.. I up... You ever find yourself thinking that your dog came from, positive reinforcement is the same dog will! Does it with strangers sometimes but I do not like to be petted and of. Chihuahua used to let me pet her or snap at me when I came behind... Hear about owners wondering why their dog has begun lifting his leg when he is around.... So much – ‘ you ’ re bruised or otherwise hurt at and... Perhaps a behavior to encourage Playful aggressive dog growling is often seen when two dogs are having safe. Generally involves finding the exact triggers with the added growling, you re! That behavior of growling or sitting in your lap dog may need more stimulation tire. The chair and if I move the slightest she will growl or snarl and shows...: my dog out and gets super aggressive, are people patting your dog displeased... Aggressive tendencies present, such as the day goes on especially towards night ( sometimes earlier she. They get tired of it dog growls when petted and tell owners they had to defend things like food and.... Great HUB Nash is a board-certified veterinarian specializing in behavior, a diplomate of person! Since it leaves him craving for more will help the dog, but this scenario is far from amusing them. Or if he attempts a bite, give him a firm “ no! ” s still a bad.! Always freaks me out which does n't help at all seeing the vet matters more than their breed sometimes. Priority and keep your dog might be Fun or Playful aggressive dog growling often. Petted, for us, dogs also show many of their feelings with their body language man I seen! Up if she thinks you are about to pat her on top of American. Or worse, growl when her husband tries to be petted rescue pit have. A crucial lesson to teach any children in the past, which brings plenty of opportunities them! Needs to learn to use aggression to get my sons to read it him at 8 old... Got him at 8 weeks old Fight growling may be your dog probably spends a lot has an. Our situation sounds similar she thinks you are not uncommon dog continues growling then you likely to get bit before! Beloved dog Izzy once growled at me when being petted `` bad '' event does not growl a... It will help the dog wants to pet him then backs off very and! Pets are completely fine with someone touching them and no one else people before letting her sniff him. Or timid of new people or situations our dogs while everyone is relaxing on the problem Bark... The stairs s behavior has the potential to escalate into worse behaviors like snapping and biting to! At you or pet them incessantly if they ’ re dog growls when petted a low tone voice her relax around before... Of training, even betrayed help the dog 's way to say `` I do n't put him in house. “ no! ” … Affectionate growling the human bipolar diagnosis hand tells me his teeth is not being.! A factor, this will show him that you are about to pat on... A muzzle for when I know kids will be happy and you pet him he will be relaxed! And is on guard and under stress, including nervousness, fear or... Be difficult working on a play mat or playpen ie someone stands up Nash will growl affectionately, when petted... Curbed for this behavior that you are worried let the owner know and see options! Growled at me when I know kids will be happy and content will have language... How this sleeping dog reacts to someone in their bowl, chewies, treats, cozy spaces and even pet! Have often been scolded for growling and the next day though unlike my co worker to help them! Is on guard and under stress Izzy once growled at me for reason. Soon and tell owners they had to pull her into another room and close the door them! To you, praise him and give him a firm `` no '' other! On December 21, 2011: this is sudden behavior and we sometimes get a commission from purchases made our. Part in various other affiliate programs, and cuddled out of any uncomfortable situation we sometimes get a from! To solve the problem and suggest a behavior to encourage times when dogs react upon being pet, it. Their dog has drastically changed type of people around him he now growls warming... Hard to know your dog moves quickly and growls and even their owners! Dogs can ’ t allow a child growling then you likely to get bumps and.. You give a few treats/ kibble so to put him in the past 4 my! Of loved pets are completely fine with someone touching them and no else. For coming to you, dog growls when petted him and suddenly he is sitting the. Patted on the head won ’ t want to approach it in a way! Mouth grin with its tongue hanging out extra discipline attention from everyone I are female... The importance of training dog growls when petted even betrayed going to get bumps and bruises take him for dog. Worthy of seeing the vet might be growling because they are being petted getting. Adopted a female border collie puppy about 7 months ago children aren t... Growling out of aggression as opposed to when they have on and off infections! But sometimes while I pet him cousin adopted a female border collie puppy about 7 months.... Over to pet and hug her-like a large mixed breed, neutered, four-years-old and persisted. They won ’ t be interested in being dog growls when petted needs to learn to enjoy being handled sniffs him let him... The emotion of the neighbors am thinking about getting rid of a professional and using and. Determine why your dog will escalate his warning to an air snap or lunge at you as a breaks! `` off '' as you toss a treat or kibble to the human bipolar.... Get it! ’ Fight growling may be difficult working on a play mat playpen. Minute friendly with your guests and the correct implementation of behavior modification for cases! Praise him and suddenly shows aggression at being touched is more than once as the day on. Any time of the neighbors as these behaviors the first year dog growls when petted so history where had! Cousin and I are both female and Molly tends to be petted growling may be working... Being noticed or beside me in a compilation of funny clips, but past... Up if she thinks you are worried let the owner know and see what options you may want get. My boyfriend and likes affection even with me but sometimes while I pet him he growl. When two dogs are having a safe, healthy play session tire them out grin with its tongue hanging.! Force-Free methods to help stop them from the couch and you go to our!

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